This report describes how insurance companies assess the physical hazards involved in handling substances that can pollute the environment and generate liability insurance claims. Findings are based on a survey of 14 insurance companies writing pollution liability coverage and nine environmental consultants active in providing risk assessments for insurance purposes. The survey explores guidelines and procedures used by insurers and consultants to conduct pollution liability risk assessment, the technical skills and backgrounds of staff risk assessors, and the types of information that are most critical for completing a risk assessment.